Relationship between Smartphone Addiction, Functional Neck Disability and Sleep Quality among University Students

Abstract

Aim of the Study: The widespread proliferation of smartphones has rendered them an integral component of contemporary life; however, their excessive and uncontrolled use has emerged as a global public health concern. While smartphones serve as valuable educational tools, their overuse has been associated with adverse outcomes, including sleep deprivation, anxiety, depression, and sleep-related disorders.

Methodology: A multi-university descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among university students in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. A total of 11 universities within the twin cities were selected, and data were collected using online questionnaire. The survey instrument included sections on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and smartphone usage patterns, and incorporated standardized measures such as the Smartphone Addiction Scale, the Neck Disability Index, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Findings: The findings indicated that smartphone addiction was significantly higher among female students compared to male students (p = 0.0086). The addiction scores ranged from 10 to 58, neck disability index scores ranged from 0 to 48, and PSQI scores ranged from 3 to 18. No significant association was observed between smartphone addiction and overall sleep quality. However, a strong positive correlation (p = 0.000) was identified between smartphone addiction and neck disability. Additionally, a statistically significant association (p = 0.03) was found between sleep quality and neck disability among participants.

Conclusion: In conclusion, although smartphone addiction did not significantly influence sleep quality in this sample, it was strongly associated with musculoskeletal discomfort, particularly neck disability. These findings highlight the need for amplified awareness and precautionary measures to mitigate the physical health consequences of excessive smartphone use among university students.