Visual Communication of the 2025 European Heatwave: A Content Analysis of Accessibility, Credibility-related Features, and Urgency

Abstract

Aim of the Study: The 2025 European heatwave generated extensive use of maps, satellite images, charts, and infographics to present heat-related information. This study examines the visible features of these visuals in relation to accessibility, credibility-related features, and urgency.

Methodology: A descriptive visual content analysis was conducted on 32 purposively selected visuals published during June-August 2025. Each visual was treated as the unit of analysis and coded using 12 indicators across the three dimensions. Frequencies and percentages were used to summarize the results.

Findings: Maps were the most common visual type, followed by satellite images, charts, and infographics. Credibility-related features, particularly source identification and clear legends, were more frequently present than accessibility and urgency features. Accessibility features such as alt-text and simple captions were less common, while urgency was more often shown through graded risk color scales than through lead-time information or warning levels.

Conclusion: Overall, the findings show that the selected visuals placed greater emphasis on source and data presentation than on accessibility and practical risk information. The study focuses on the features present in the visuals and does not measure audience trust, understanding, or behavioral response.