Pakistan’s Israel Policy: Domestic Imperatives and Geo-Strategic Constraints

Abstract

Aim of the Study: Pakistan has always equated its policy towards Israel with Palestinian/Arab cause. Therefore, it has always remained passive towards opening up any diplomatic channel vis-à-vis Israel. However, the initiation of Abraham Accords highlighted the changing policy of Arab countries towards Israel with ramifications for the wider Muslim world. This study is aimed at evaluating Pakistan’s policy towards Israel within the contemporary strategic context.

Methodology: The study has employed qualitative research methodology. The nature of enquiry is descriptive as well as interpretive centring around the incremental developments shaping Pakistan’s policy while at the same time providing reasons to determine the factors. The qualitative analysis has been structured within assumptions of Neoclassical realism. The systemic and domestic level variables have been operationalised with the help of indicators and the related data has been obtained. The data has been obtained from secondary sources including the translations of Quranic verses, statements of state leaders, books and articles.

Findings: The study has identified that the anti-Israel stance gets further consolidated for two reasons; Israel’s disruptive role in the Gaza War and the emergence of a strategic Indo-Israel strategic nexus which impact both Pakistan’s national security imperatives and its status in the Muslim world. Despite the global incentives and material benefits for Pakistan, policy makers have to incorporate ideological and national security perspectives in assessing the course of actions towards Israel.

Conclusion: The study concludes that rigid societal association with the Islamic guidelines propagated by the religious elite alongside the regional and domestic considerations of the respective governments have defined Pakistan’s Israel policy.