Development of Antibacterial Finish from Leaves of Psidium Guajva and Azadirachta Indica

Abstract

Aim of the Study: This study aimed to develop an eco-friendly antibacterial finish from the leaves of Psidium guajava and Azadirachta indica and to evaluate its effectiveness on cotton fabric.

Methodology: Fresh leaves of Psidium guajava and Azadirachta indica were collected, washed, microwave-dried, and ground into fine powder. The extracts were prepared using distilled water and applied to cotton fabric through the dip-dry method using alum as a mordant. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the ASTM E2149 shake flask method. The effectiveness of treated and untreated samples was assessed by measuring the zone of inhibition.

Findings: The results showed that untreated cotton fabric exhibited no antibacterial activity, while treated samples demonstrated significant zones of inhibition. Neem-treated fabric showed higher antibacterial effectiveness with inhibition zones of 24 mm, 35 mm, and 49 mm, whereas guava-treated fabric showed comparatively lower values of 22 mm, 30 mm, and 38 mm. This indicates that Azadirachta indica possesses stronger antimicrobial properties than Psidium guajava.

Conclusion: The study concludes that plant-based antibacterial finishes are effective and sustainable for textile applications. Neem extract, in particular, showed superior performance and can be recommended for use in medical textiles, sportswear, and home furnishings to enhance hygiene and protection.