Cultural Significance Unveiled: Exploring the Dynamics and Influences of Traditional Dowry Practices in Pakistan

Abstract

Aim of the Study: Pakistan, like other South Asian countries, upholds the longstanding tradition of providing a dowry to the bride's family. A dowry comprises money, valuables, or gifts that the bride gives to the husband as a wedding offering. It encompasses the items provided by the bride's parents in preparation for her marriage. It's important to note that a dowry is not mandated by Islam, and the inclusion of money as part of a dowry is not customary. At times, a dowry may include a year's supply of groceries, clothing for a year and ten to fifteen gowns for the wife. In recent times, it seems that women may expect larger dowries due to evolving societal norms. Regrettably, the practice of dowry, widely considered undesirable, still prevails in Pakistan. The purpose of this study is to explore the perspectives of both men and women on dowry, its impact, its necessity, and how it adversely affects women's rights and autonomy.

Methodology: A self-designed interview schedule was employed to gather qualitative data from a diverse group of participants from urban and rural communities, including Chakwal, Arifwala, Chichawatni, Islamabad, and Jhang. This sample encompassed individuals with varying socioeconomic backgrounds and educational levels, aged between 18 and 45. A total of thirty-one interviews were conducted, with ten involving male participants and eleven involving female participants. The interviews followed a purposive sampling approach.

Findings & Conclusion: It is a common view among Pakistanis that the practice of paying a dowry is no longer widely accepted; it is often seen as a trend, with individuals using it as a way to express appreciation for their mothers and other female role models. The positive connotation of these intangible items supports the notion that in Pakistan, dowry is a trousseau freely given by the bride's parents to their daughter. Furthermore, the practice of paying a dowry is deeply flawed and should be universally banned. It serves as a major catalyst for conflicts, avarice, and even societal unrest. A dowry is essentially a form of inheritance that parents bestow upon their daughters. Those who can provide substantial dowries for their daughters are more likely to facilitate their marriage.