Challenging Patriarchal Stereotypes: A Study of Female Identity in Manju Kapur’s Difficult Daughters

Abstract

Aim of the Study: This paper explores the conflict between traditional ideologies of Indian Patriarchy and an anti-traditional struggle for individual space in Manju Kapur’s Difficult Daughters. The protagonist, Virmiti, encounters her submissive position within a male-controlled society as well as struggles for a new identity for marginalized women in Arya Samaj Indian family.

Methodology: In this paper we employ the theoretical concept of gender being a cultural product by Nancy J. Chodorow (1995). By applying this theory, this paper argues that, the cultural specific norms for a female are considered gender normative while Virmiti performs gender non-conformity within a gender biased society and “operate[s] psychologically” (Chodorow, 1995) to define her identity.

Findings: Virmiti fights for her own space and individuality by criticizing the division between male and female roles in a phallocentric Indian culture.

Conclusion: So this paper discusses that challenging patriarchal stereotypes is not an easy task rather a woman has to strive hard against patriarchy to construct her new identity.